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2021-06-23 23:36:43 <justsomeguy> In lambda calculus, is there a name for something that is the opposite of a combinator? (By "opposite of a combinator" I mean a function that does not use any of its bound arguments, or parameters, but only uses free variables, instead.)
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2021-06-23 23:38:17 <hpc> a constant function?
2021-06-23 23:38:41 <dolio> That doesn't sound like the opposite of a combinator.
2021-06-23 23:40:07 <justsomeguy> Do you mean that my description doesn't sound like the opposite of a combinator, or that a constant function doesn't sound like the opposite of a combinator?
2021-06-23 23:41:11 <monochrom> I propose the name "dependency hell". :)
2021-06-23 23:41:12 <dolio> The description.
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2021-06-23 23:42:51 <dolio> The things usable in the body of a combinator are the parameters, application, and previously defined combinators, in the usual formal definition I'm familiar with.
2021-06-23 23:43:07 <dolio> So, if it only uses application and previously defined combinators, it's a combinator.
2021-06-23 23:44:38 <justsomeguy> In functions that aren't combinators, there is also the possibility of using a variable that is defined in an enclosing scope, which is known as a free variable. So, you can use a variable that isn't in the head of a lambda within a function body.
2021-06-23 23:44:40 <dolio> And in combinator calculi, there aren't any other constants that could go in the body of a combinator.
2021-06-23 23:45:41 <dminuoso> justsomeguy: So for example the inner lambda in: \x -> \y -> x y ?
2021-06-23 23:46:13 <dminuoso> Or rather just: \y -> x y
2021-06-23 23:46:17 <dminuoso> This is simpler to talk about
2021-06-23 23:46:45 <dminuoso> justsomeguy: Id say its a free expression.
2021-06-23 23:47:12 <justsomeguy> No, something like (\x -> a x), is an example of what I'm talking about. The x comes from an enclosing scope, and is not a formal parameter in the lambda head of the function, but is still valid in the (untyped) lambda calculus.
2021-06-23 23:47:47 <dminuoso> justsomeguy: Yeah, Id say the opposite of `combinator` is `free expression`
2021-06-23 23:47:56 <dminuoso> (where free expression means its some expression with free variables)
2021-06-23 23:48:02 <justsomeguy> Free expression sounds about right :^)
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2021-06-23 23:49:19 <justsomeguy> (There is another name for this thing, though, and I wish I could remember it. Oh well.)
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2021-06-23 23:53:21 <c_wraith> I'm looking at the Applicative laws, and a lot of them seem unusual. Like, Identity, Homomorphism, and Interchange all basically are different forms of "pure is a unit of <*>"
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2021-06-23 23:54:14 <monochrom> Yes, but formally it is very difficult to express that because <*> is annoyingly assymetric.
2021-06-23 23:54:28 <c_wraith> the only law describing how multiple uses of <*> must interact is the composition law, and it's a really indirect way of essentially saying "<*> is associative"
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2021-06-23 23:54:43 <monochrom> A version of those laws written in liftA2(,) has a much better chance at looking much nicer.
2021-06-23 23:54:53 <monochrom> Yes, that too.
2021-06-23 23:56:03 <c_wraith> I suppose it does all come down to the type asymmetry between the arguments of <*>
2021-06-23 23:57:11 <shachaf> his paper gives that version too: https://www.staff.city.ac.uk/~ross/papers/Applicative.pdf
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2021-06-23 23:57:49 <shachaf> T
2021-06-23 23:58:15 <monochrom> Ah, I should have taught that to my students.
2021-06-23 23:58:50 <monochrom> I have inflicted the madness of the <*> laws on my students. I feel bad for them.
2021-06-23 23:58:51 <shachaf> Page 10, I should have said.
2021-06-23 23:59:16 <shachaf> Certainly symmetric versions are much nicer.
2021-06-23 23:59:34 <shachaf> Whether liftA2/pure or liftA2 (,)/pure ()
2021-06-24 00:03:34 <c_wraith> I suppose it is a challenge to just say "if you ignore the type arguments, it's a monoid"
2021-06-24 00:03:39 <c_wraith> formally, I mean
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2021-06-24 00:05:44 <shachaf> "identity" and "interchange" might instead be called "left identity" and "right identity"
2021-06-24 00:06:09 <shachaf> And composition is associativity, as you said.
2021-06-24 00:06:11 <monochrom> They managed to say that. "4. Monoids are phantom Applicative functors" :)
2021-06-24 00:06:17 <shachaf> So what's going on with homomorphism?
2021-06-24 00:07:58 <monochrom> Does it help to rewrite as "fmap f (pure x) = pure (f x)"? Now it is a "pure is a natural transformation from Identity to your F" thing...
2021-06-24 00:09:07 <monochrom> OTOH the form "pure f <*> pure x = pure (f <*>_Identity x)" is a homorphism law.
2021-06-24 00:09:42 <monochrom> It is a beauty that there are so many perspectives.
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